NLNZ guidance: Amalgamations
An amalgamation is an expression of a single work that includes contributions that cannot be separated into other expressions. These contributions may be associated with a single agent, or multiple agents.
Only treat an expression as an amalgamation if the contributions are truly inseparable. If a 'main' kind of content can be identified, and other content appears supplementary, consider that there are at least two expressions:
- a main expression
- one or more supplementary expressions
See: NLNZ guidance: Aggregate manifestations
NLNZ will describe as an amalgamation:
- A work that is expressed as a seamless mix of text and image content
- A notated music work that is expressed as a seamless mix of notated music and text content
- A notated music work that is expressed as a seamless mix of more than one form of musical notation
- A performed music work where the expressed contributions are inseparable
A work that is expressed as a seamless mix of text and image content
Use the NLNZ MAP Static Still Image and Text Amalgamation
Examples of these types of amalgamations:
- Graphic novels
- Comics
- Picture books where a single person is responsible for both the text and the images and these are seamlessly integrated - both the text and the images are necessary to convey the story.
Examples
Example 1: A graphic novel with a seamless mix of text and images contributed by two agents
The anaconda attack
Manifestation
Entity | Element | Value |
|---|---|---|
Manifestation | expression manifested | Smith, Sam (Comedian). Anaconda attack. English |
Manifestation | illustrative content | illustrations |
Manifestation | note on manifestation | "Text … Sam Smith; illustrations ... César Lador"--Title page verso |
Manifestation | title proper | The anaconda attack |
Work
Entity | Element | Value |
|---|---|---|
Work | author person | Smith, Sam (Comedian) |
Work | artist person | Lador, César |
Expression
Entity | Element | Value |
|---|---|---|
Expression | content type | text |
Expression | content type | still image |
Expression | language of expression | eng |
Example 2: A picture book with a seamless mix of text and images contributed by a single agent
The pōhutukawa Christmas tree
Manifestation
Entity | Element | Value |
|---|---|---|
Manifestation | colour content | colour |
Manifestation | expression manifested | Kay, Steven (Artist). Pōhutukawa Christmas tree. English |
Manifestation | illustrative content | illustrations |
Manifestation | note on manifestation | "Text and illustrations ... Steven Kay"--Imprint page. |
Manifestation | statement of responsibility | Steven Kay |
Manifestation | title proper | The pōhutukawa Christmas tree |
Work
Entity | Element | Value |
|---|---|---|
Work | author person | Kay, Steven (Artist) |
Work | artist person | Kay, Steven (Artist) |
Expression
Entity | Element | Value |
|---|---|---|
Expression | content type | text |
Expression | content type | still image |
Expression | language of expression | eng |
A notated music work that is expressed as a seamless mix of notated music and text content
Use the NLNZ MAP Static Notated Music Amalgamation
Examples of these types of amalgamations:
- A song cycle
- A musical setting of a poem
Examples
A choral work with a seamless mix of notated music and text contributed by two agents
Manifestation
Entity | Element | Value |
|---|---|---|
Manifestation | expression manifested | Utting, Craig. Chestnuts on a mantelpiece |
Manifestation | other title information | SSAA & piano duet |
Manifestation | statement of responsibility relating to title proper | poem, Brian Turner ; music, Craig Utting |
Manifestation | supplementary content | Includes words also printed as text preceding score |
Manifestation | title proper | Chestnuts on a mantelpiece |
Work
Entity | Element | Value |
|---|---|---|
Work | author person | Turner, Brian, 1944-2025 |
Work | composer person of work | Utting, Craig |
Expression
Entity | Element | Value |
|---|---|---|
Expression | content type | notated music |
Expression | content type | text |
Expression | form of musical notation | staff notation |
Expression | language of expression | eng |
A notated music work that is expressed as a seamless mix of more than one form of musical notation
Use the NLNZ MAP Static Notated Music Amalgamation
Examples of these types of amalgamations:
- A score with staff notation and chord symbols
Examples
Example 1: An instrumental work with a seamless mix of graphic notation and staff notation
Manifestation
Entity | Element | Value |
|---|---|---|
Manifestation | expression manifested | Smalley, Denis, 1946- Clarinet threads |
Manifestation | other title information | for amplified clarinet and tape |
Manifestation | supplementary content | Includes performance notes |
Manifestation | title proper | Clarinet threads |
Work
Entity | Element | Value |
|---|---|---|
Work | composer person of work | Smalley, Denis, 1946- |
Expression
Entity | Element | Value |
|---|---|---|
Expression | content type | notated music |
Expression | form of musical notation | graphic notation |
Expression | form of musical notation | staff notation |
Example 2: A song with a seamless mix of staff notation, chord symbols, notated music, and text, by a single agent
Manifestation
Entity | Element | Value |
|---|---|---|
Manifestation | expression manifested | Ellis, Robbie, 1984- Quel problème? |
Manifestation | other title information | for mezzo-soprano and piano |
Manifestation | statement of responsibility relating to title proper | Robbie Ellis |
Manifestation | supplementary content | Includes program note, performance notes, and lyrics also printed as text preceding score |
Manifestation | title proper | Quel problème? |
Work
Entity | Element | Value |
|---|---|---|
Work | author person | Ellis, Robbie, 1984- |
Work | composer person of work | Ellis, Robbie, 1984- |
Expression
Entity | Element | Value |
|---|---|---|
Expression | content type | notated music |
Expression | content type | text |
Expression | form of musical notation | chord symbols |
Expression | form of musical notation | staff notation |
Expression | language of expression | eng |
Expression | language of expression | fre |
Expression | language of expression | In English with some phrases and words in French |
A performed music work where the expressed contributions are inseparable
Use the NLNZ MAP Static Performed Music Amalgamation
Examples of these types of amalgamations:
- A pop song
Example
An alternative rock song written by a single agent
Manifestation
Entity | Element | Value |
|---|---|---|
Manifestation | statement of responsibility relating to title proper | She's So Rad |
Manifestation | title proper | Time |
Manifestation | work manifested | She's So Rad (Musical group). Time |
Work
Entity | Element | Value |
|---|---|---|
Work | composer corporate body of work | She's So Rad (Musical group) |
Work | lyricist corporate body | She's So Rad (Musical group) |
Expression
Entity | Element | Value |
|---|---|---|
Expression | content type | performed music |
Expression | language of expression | eng |
Expression | performer corporate body | She's So Rad (Musical group) |